Past Perfect (Доконаний минулий)
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Рівень B2
Action Before Another Past Action
had left
/hæd left/
When I arrived, she had already left.
had finished
/hæd ˈfɪnɪʃt/
By the time he came, we had finished dinner.
had never seen
/hæd ˈnevər siːn/
She had never seen the ocean before that day.
had forgotten
/hæd fərˈɡɒtən/
I realised I had forgotten my passport.
Past Perfect Continuous (had been …ing)
had been waiting
/hæd bɪn ˈweɪtɪŋ/
She had been waiting for an hour when he arrived.
had been working
/hæd bɪn ˈwɜːkɪŋ/
I had been working on the report all day.
had been raining
/hæd bɪn ˈreɪnɪŋ/
It had been raining for hours when we left.
Storytelling Context
had felt
/hæd felt/
She told me she had felt sick all morning.
had known
/hæd noʊn/
We had known each other since childhood.
had decided
/hæd dɪˈsaɪdɪd/
By Friday, he had decided to quit.
Past Perfect vs Past Simple
had gone
/hæd ɡɒn/
When I called, she had gone out. (left earlier)
went
/went/
When I called, she went out. (left right after)