Formas Enfáticas
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We can add do/does/did before the base verb to add emphasis, often to insist, contrast or reassure: 'I do believe you', 'She does want to come.'
The auxiliary is stressed in speech. It works in the present (do/does + base verb) and the past (did + base verb), and even in polite invitations: 'Do come in.'
Ejemplos
I do believe you — I just need more details.
'do' insists on the point.
She does want to come; she's just very busy.
'does' contrasts with a doubt.
Do come in — make yourself at home.
'Do' makes an invitation warmer.
I do believe
/aɪ duː bɪˈliːv/
I do believe you — I just need more details.
She does want
/ʃiː dʌz wɒnt/
She does want to come; she's just very busy.
You did try
/juː dɪd traɪ/
You did try, and that's what matters.
Do come in
/duː kʌm ɪn/
Do come in — make yourself at home.
Add emphasis (present, she): She ___ want to come; she's just busy.
Emphasise a past effort: You ___ try, and that's what matters. (did)
'Indeed' strengthens or confirms a statement. After 'very + adjective', it intensifies: 'a very good film indeed'. Alone or with 'yes', it confirms strongly: 'Yes, indeed.'
It's fairly formal and adds weight to agreement or emphasis.
Ejemplos
It was a very good film indeed.
'indeed' after 'very + adjective' intensifies.
Yes, indeed — that's exactly what I meant.
Strong confirmation.
It was indeed surprising news.
'indeed' strengthens the adjective.
very good indeed
/ˈveri ɡʊd ɪnˈdiːd/
It was a very good film indeed.
Yes, indeed
/jes ɪnˈdiːd/
Yes, indeed — that's exactly what I meant.
indeed surprising
/ɪnˈdiːd sərˈpraɪzɪŋ/
It was indeed surprising news.
Choose the natural intensifier: It was a very good film ___.
Strong agreement: Yes, ___ — that's exactly what I meant.
Fronting moves an element to the front of the sentence for emphasis or contrast: 'This I cannot accept' (object first), 'Tired I was, but determined to finish.'
It's a literary, dramatic device. The fronted element gets special focus, often setting up a contrast.
Ejemplos
This I cannot accept.
Object 'this' fronted for emphasis.
Money he had; happiness he did not.
Fronting creates a strong contrast.
Tired I was, but determined to finish.
Complement 'tired' fronted.
This I cannot
/ðɪs aɪ ˈkænɒt/
This I cannot accept.
Money he had
/ˈmʌni hiː hæd/
Money he had; happiness he did not.
Tired I was
/ˈtaɪərd aɪ wəz/
Tired I was, but determined to finish.
Which sentence uses fronting for emphasis?
Front the object 'this': ___ I cannot accept.
Echo questions repeat part of what was said to show interest or surprise: 'She's leaving. — Is she really?' Tag questions add a short question to the end for confirmation: 'It was a great trip, wasn't it?'
Both keep conversation lively and invite a response.
Ejemplos
She's leaving. — Is she really?
Echo question showing surprise.
I saw the manager. — Did you?
Short echo showing interest.
It was a great trip, wasn't it?
Tag question inviting agreement.
Is it really?
/ɪz ɪt ˈrɪəli/
She's leaving. — Is she really?
did you?
/dɪd juː/
I saw the manager. — Did you?
wasn't it?
/ˈwɒzənt ɪt/
It was a great trip, wasn't it?
Add a tag question: It was a great trip, ___?
Echo with interest: I saw the manager. — ___ you?
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