関係節
実用的な例で語彙を増やそう
A relative clause adds information about a noun. Use 'who' to give information about people: 'The man who called is my friend.'
'Who' replaces the person and connects the two ideas into one sentence, so you don't have to repeat the noun.
例文
The man who called is my friend.
'who' refers back to 'the man'.
I respect people who work hard.
'who work hard' describes 'people'.
That's the woman who lives next door.
'who' introduces info about the woman.
the man who
/ðə mæn huː/
The man who called is my friend.
people who
/ˈpiːpəl huː/
I respect people who work hard.
the woman who
/ðə ˈwʊmən huː/
That's the woman who lives next door.
Choose the relative pronoun for a person: The man ___ called is my friend.
Relative pronoun for people: I respect people ___ work hard.
Use 'which' or 'that' to add information about things or animals: 'The book which I bought is great' = 'The book that I bought is great.'
In defining clauses, 'that' is very common and often preferred in speech. Both are correct for things; 'who' is reserved for people.
例文
The book which I bought yesterday is great.
'which' refers to 'the book'.
The car that I want is very expensive.
'that' works for things too.
I love the song that's playing now.
'that' = 'which' for things.
the book which
/ðə bʊk wɪtʃ/
The book which I bought yesterday is great.
the car that
/ðə kɑːr ðæt/
The car that I want is very expensive.
the song that
/ðə sɒŋ ðæt/
I love the song that's playing now.
Choose a relative pronoun for a thing: The car ___ I want is expensive.
Relative pronoun for a thing (3 letters): I love the song ___'s playing now.
Use 'where' to refer to a place and 'when' to refer to a time: 'This is the place where we met', 'I remember the day when we first met.'
They replace longer phrases like 'in which' or 'on which', making sentences flow more naturally.
例文
This is the place where we met.
'where' refers to a place.
Paris is the city where she grew up.
'where' = in which (the city).
I remember the day when we first met.
'when' refers to a time (the day).
the place where
/ðə pleɪs weər/
This is the place where we met.
the city where
/ðə ˈsɪti weər/
Paris is the city where she grew up.
the day when
/ðə deɪ wen/
I remember the day when we first met.
Choose the relative word for a place: This is the place ___ we met.
Relative word for a time: I remember the day ___ we first met.
Use 'whose' to show possession within a relative clause — it replaces his/her/their: 'The man whose car was stolen is upset' (his car was stolen).
'Whose' works for both people and, sometimes, things, and is always followed directly by the noun that's owned.
例文
The man whose car was stolen is upset.
'whose car' = his car.
I admire people whose ideas change the world.
'whose ideas' = their ideas.
She's the author whose book won the prize.
'whose book' = her book.
the man whose
/ðə mæn huːz/
The man whose car was stolen is upset.
people whose
/ˈpiːpəl huːz/
I admire people whose ideas change the world.
Choose the possessive relative: The man ___ car was stolen is upset.
Possessive relative pronoun: I admire people ___ ideas change the world.
A defining clause gives essential information and takes no commas: 'Students who study pass exams' (which students? the ones who study).
A non-defining clause adds extra, non-essential information and is set off by commas: 'My brother, who lives in Rome, is a chef.' Remove it and the sentence still makes sense.
例文
Students who study pass exams.
Defining — no commas, essential info.
My brother, who lives in Rome, is a chef.
Non-defining — commas, extra info.
The phone, which was a gift, broke.
Non-defining clause inside commas.
defining (no commas)
/dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ/
Students who study pass exams. (defining)
non-defining (commas)
/nɒn dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ/
My brother, who lives in Rome, is a chef. (non-defining)
Which sentence has a non-defining clause (extra info in commas)?
Essential clauses take how many commas? Answer with a number.
次へ
動名詞と不定詞