수동태 (기초)
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레벨 B1
Present Simple Passive (is/are + past participle)
is made
/ɪz meɪd/
Cheese is made from milk.
are sold
/ɑːr soʊld/
Tickets are sold at the entrance.
is spoken
/ɪz ˈspoʊkən/
English is spoken in many countries.
are produced
/ɑːr prəˈdjuːst/
These cars are produced in Germany.
Past Simple Passive (was/were + past participle)
was written
/wəz ˈrɪtən/
The book was written by Orwell.
was built
/wəz bɪlt/
This house was built in 1890.
were invited
/wər ɪnˈvaɪtɪd/
We were invited to the wedding.
was discovered
/wəz dɪsˈkʌvərd/
Penicillin was discovered by accident.
Adding the Agent (by...)
by Shakespeare
/baɪ ˈʃeɪkspɪər/
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
by hand
/baɪ hænd/
These bags are made by hand.
by the police
/baɪ ðə pəˈliːs/
He was stopped by the police.
When to Use Passive
unknown agent
/ʌnˈnoʊn ˈeɪdʒənt/
My phone was stolen yesterday.
obvious agent
/ˈɒbviəs ˈeɪdʒənt/
He was arrested last night.
process focus
/ˈprɒses ˈfoʊkəs/
The road is being repaired this week.