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To talk about more than one thing, most English nouns simply add -s: one book → two books, one car → three cars.
The -s can sound like /s/ (books), /z/ (cars) or /ɪz/ after hissing sounds — but the spelling is just +s. This is the default, so reach for it first.
예문
I have many books at home.
book → books, the regular +s plural.
She has two cats.
A number bigger than one needs the plural.
There are five cars in the street.
car → cars.
books
/bʊks/
I have many books at home.
cats
/kæts/
She has two cats.
cars
/kɑːrz/
There are five cars in the street.
rooms
/ruːmz/
The house has four rooms.
friends
/frendz/
I met my friends yesterday.
Choose the correct plural: She has two ___.
Make it plural: I have many ___ at home. (book)
When a noun ends in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x or -o, we add -es (not just -s). This adds an extra /ɪz/ sound that makes the word easier to say: box → boxes, watch → watches.
The -o rule has exceptions (photos, pianos), but common everyday words like tomatoes and potatoes take -es.
예문
The boxes are heavy.
Ends in -x → add -es: box → boxes.
He sells watches in his shop.
Ends in -ch → watch → watches.
I bought fresh tomatoes.
Ends in -o → tomato → tomatoes.
boxes
/ˈbɒksɪz/
The boxes are heavy.
watches
/ˈwɒtʃɪz/
He sells watches in his shop.
buses
/ˈbʌsɪz/
Two buses pass here every hour.
dishes
/ˈdɪʃɪz/
Please wash the dishes.
tomatoes
/təˈmɑːtoʊz/
I bought fresh tomatoes.
Choose the correct plural: Please wash the ___.
Make it plural: The ___ are heavy. (box)
When a noun ends in a consonant + y, change the y to i and add -es: city → cities, baby → babies.
But if a vowel comes before the y (boy, day, key), just add -s: boys, days, keys. The trick is to check the letter right before the y.
예문
Many cities have good public transport.
Consonant + y → city → cities.
The babies are sleeping.
baby → babies.
Both families live nearby.
family → families.
cities
/ˈsɪtiz/
Many cities have good public transport.
babies
/ˈbeɪbiz/
The babies are sleeping.
stories
/ˈstɔːriz/
Grandma tells us old stories.
families
/ˈfæməliz/
Both families live nearby.
Choose the correct plural: Grandma tells us old ___.
Make it plural: Many ___ have good transport. (city)
Some very common nouns don't follow any rule — you simply have to learn them: man → men, woman → women, child → children, foot → feet, person → people.
These are old English words that kept their old plural forms. Because they're so frequent, it's worth memorising them early.
예문
Three men are waiting outside.
man → men (vowel change).
The children are playing in the park.
child → children (special ending).
Many people live in this building.
person → people.
men
/men/
Three men are waiting outside.
women
/ˈwɪmɪn/
The women are talking together.
children
/ˈtʃɪldrən/
The children are playing in the park.
feet
/fiːt/
My feet hurt after the long walk.
people
/ˈpiːpəl/
Many people live in this building.
Choose the correct plural: The ___ are playing in the park.
Plural of 'person': Many ___ live in this building.
다음
소유격: my / 's