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Bài học trình độ C1 với ví dụ và bài luyện tập
Collocations are word partnerships that sound natural to native speakers. 'Make' and 'do' are a classic challenge. Roughly, 'make' suggests creating or producing (make a decision, make progress), while 'do' suggests an activity or task (do business, do research).
There's no perfect rule, so learn the common pairings as chunks.
Ví dụ
She had to make a difficult decision.
make a decision (not 'do').
We're making good progress on the project.
make progress.
I'm doing research on climate change.
do research (not 'make').
make a decision
/meɪk ə dɪˈsɪʒən/
She had to make a difficult decision.
make progress
/meɪk ˈproʊɡres/
We're making good progress on the project.
do business
/duː ˈbɪznəs/
It's a pleasure to do business with you.
do research
/duː rɪˈsɜːrtʃ/
I'm doing research on climate change.
Choose the correct collocation: She had to ___ a difficult decision.
Complete: I'm ___ research on climate change. (make/do)
Certain adjectives pair with certain nouns even though a 'logical' synonym would sound wrong: we say 'heavy rain' (not 'strong rain') and 'strong coffee' (not 'heavy coffee').
These fixed pairings are pure collocation — learn them together: heavy rain, strong coffee, high price, deep sleep.
Ví dụ
Heavy rain caused flooding in the city.
heavy rain (not 'strong rain').
I need a strong coffee this morning.
strong coffee (not 'heavy coffee').
He fell into a deep sleep.
deep sleep — fixed pairing.
heavy rain
/ˈhevi reɪn/
Heavy rain caused flooding in the city.
strong coffee
/strɒŋ ˈkɒfi/
I need a strong coffee this morning.
high price
/haɪ praɪs/
She paid a high price for her ambition.
deep sleep
/diːp sliːp/
He fell into a deep sleep.
Choose the natural collocation: ___ rain caused flooding.
Collocation for coffee: I need a ___ coffee this morning. (strong/heavy)
Many ideas are expressed by a fixed verb + noun pair: take a chance, pay attention, raise concerns, draw conclusions.
Using the expected verb makes you sound fluent; choosing a 'reasonable' but wrong verb (e.g. 'make attention') sounds off. Learn the verb and noun as a unit.
Ví dụ
Sometimes you have to take a chance.
take a chance (not 'do a chance').
Please pay attention to the instructions.
pay attention (not 'make attention').
It's too early to draw conclusions.
draw conclusions — fixed pair.
take a chance
/teɪk ə tʃɑːns/
Sometimes you have to take a chance.
pay attention
/peɪ əˈtenʃən/
Please pay attention to the instructions.
raise concerns
/reɪz kənˈsɜːrnz/
Several members raised concerns about the proposal.
draw conclusions
/drɔː kənˈkluːʒənz/
It's too early to draw conclusions.
Choose the correct verb: Please ___ attention to the instructions.
Complete: It's too early to ___ conclusions. (verb)
Professional English relies on set collocations: meet a deadline, reach an agreement, launch a campaign, boost sales.
Knowing these makes your writing and speech sound polished in a work context. Again, the verb and noun are learnt together as a chunk.
Ví dụ
We're working hard to meet the deadline.
meet a deadline (not 'reach a deadline').
Both sides reached an agreement after long talks.
reach an agreement.
The new ad campaign boosted sales by 30%.
boost sales — business collocation.
meet a deadline
/miːt ə ˈdedlaɪn/
We're working hard to meet the deadline.
reach an agreement
/riːtʃ ən əˈɡriːmənt/
Both sides reached an agreement after long talks.
launch a campaign
/lɔːntʃ ə kæmˈpeɪn/
The company launched a marketing campaign.
boost sales
/buːst seɪlz/
The new ad campaign boosted sales by 30%.
Choose the correct verb: We're working hard to ___ the deadline.
Complete: Both sides ___ an agreement after long talks. (verb, past)
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