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Cấp C1
Present Participle (-ing) — simultaneous action
Walking home
/ˈwɔːkɪŋ hoʊm/
Walking home, I saw an old friend.
Feeling tired
/ˈfiːlɪŋ ˈtaɪərd/
Feeling tired, she went to bed early.
Smiling at her
/ˈsmaɪlɪŋ ət hɜːr/
Smiling at her, he opened the door.
Past Participle (-ed) — passive meaning
Built in 1900
/bɪlt ɪn ˌnaɪnˈtiːn ˈhʌndrəd/
Built in 1900, the house has period charm.
Surrounded by
/səˈraʊndɪd baɪ/
Surrounded by friends, she felt at home.
Written by
/ˈrɪtən baɪ/
Written by a Nobel laureate, the book is a masterpiece.
Perfect Participle (having +past part.) — completed action
Having finished
/ˈhævɪŋ ˈfɪnɪʃt/
Having finished dinner, we went for a walk.
Having arrived
/ˈhævɪŋ əˈraɪvd/
Having arrived early, I had time to prepare.
Having lost
/ˈhævɪŋ lɒst/
Having lost the keys, he had to break the window.
Expressing Reason / Cause
Knowing the answer
/ˈnoʊɪŋ ði ˈɑːnsər/
Knowing the answer, he raised his hand.
Being a doctor
/ˈbiːɪŋ ə ˈdɒktər/
Being a doctor, she stopped to help.
Realising the danger
/ˈriːəlaɪzɪŋ ðə ˈdeɪndʒər/
Realising the danger, they ran for shelter.