Flashcard Practice
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Foundation
Articles: a / an / the
I have a book. The book is red.
Verb "to be"
I am happy. She is a doctor.
Present Simple
He works at a bank.
Personal Pronouns
I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Plural Nouns
one cat → two cats
Possessives: my / 's
This is John's car. It's mine.
Wh- Questions
What is your name? Where do you live?
This / That / These / Those
This book is mine, those are yours.
Elementary
Past Simple
I worked yesterday. She went home.
Present Continuous
I am reading now.
Future: will / going to
I'll call you. I'm going to travel.
Modals: can / must / should
I can swim. You should sleep.
Comparatives & Superlatives
taller, the tallest, more interesting
Prepositions of Time & Place
in May, on Monday, at 5 pm
Quantifiers: some / any / much / many
I have some milk. Are there any apples?
Adverbs of Frequency
always, usually, sometimes, never
Intermediate
Present Perfect
I've lived here for 5 years.
Past Continuous
I was reading when she called.
1st & 2nd Conditional
If it rains, I will stay home. If I were you...
Passive Voice (basics)
The book was written by him.
Reported Speech
He said he was tired.
Relative Clauses
The man who called is my friend.
Gerunds & Infinitives
I enjoy reading. I want to read.
used to / would
I used to play tennis as a kid.
Upper-Intermediate
Past Perfect (Continuous)
She had been waiting for an hour.
Future Perfect & Continuous
By 2030, I will have graduated.
Mixed Conditionals
If I'd studied, I'd be a doctor now.
Passive Voice (all tenses)
The report has been finished.
Phrasal Verbs
give up, take off, look after, run into
wish / if only
I wish I had more time.
Modal Perfects: must have / should have
You should have called me.
Inversion (basics)
Never have I seen such a thing.
Advanced
Cleft Sentences
It was John who broke the vase.
Advanced Inversion
Hardly had I arrived when it started.
Subjunctive Mood
I suggest he be on time.
Discourse Markers
however, furthermore, on the contrary
Ellipsis & Substitution
I want to, but I can't (go).
Participle Clauses
Walking home, I saw an old friend.
Emphatic Forms
I do believe you. You did try.
Advanced Collocations
heavy rain, make a decision, take a chance
Mastery
Idioms & Fixed Expressions
kick the bucket, break the ice, hit the books
Register & Style
formal vs informal vs slang
Hedging & Politeness
I would tend to think... It might be...
Stylistic Devices
metaphor, alliteration, anaphora
Complex Inversion
So beautiful was the view that...
Nuanced Modality
I'd rather you didn't. I'd sooner not.
Spontaneous Native Speech
fillers, contractions, intonation
Cultural Allusions
references to literature, history, pop culture