Các dạng của động từ
Dạng nguyên
/rʌn/
Past Simple
/ræn/
Past Participle
/rʌn/
Câu ví dụ
Dạng nguyên · run
- I run five kilometres every morning before work.
Past Simple · ran
- He ran to catch the last train home.
- I ran it as soon as I possibly could.
- We ran it together earlier this week.
- She ran without any hesitation.
Past Participle · run
- She has run three marathons this year.
- She has just run the very same thing.
- By the time we arrived, they had run everything.
- We have never run anything quite like it.
Cụm từ thường gặp
run a business
to manage a company
run out of
to use up the whole supply of something
run late
to be behind schedule
Thì chính
| Hiện tại đơn | Quá khứ đơn | Hiện tại hoàn thành |
|---|---|---|
I run he / she / it runs | I ran | I have run |
| Hiện tại tiếp diễn:I am running · he / she / it is running | ||
Hướng dẫn ngữ pháp
The verb "run" belongs to the rare ABA group: the base form and past participle are identical ("run" and "run"), while the past simple ("ran") is the odd form out. Only a handful of common English verbs follow this pattern, which makes "run" easy to identify once you know the group.
Use the past simple "ran" for a single completed action at a specific point in the past: "She ran a personal best in last year's race." It stands alone as the main verb with no auxiliary required. Past-time markers — yesterday, last month, in 2019, an hour ago — accompany it naturally.
The past participle "run" — identical to the base form — always requires an auxiliary. It appears in: (1) present perfect constructions — "Have you ever run a marathon?"; (2) past perfect — "By the final lap, she had already run past three rivals"; (3) passive voice — "The route is run every spring." Because "run" looks exactly like the plain present tense, always check for an auxiliary verb (have, has, had, or a form of be) to determine the actual grammatical structure.
The ABA group is so small that it fits in one sentence: come–came–come, become–became–become, run–ran–run, and overcome–overcame–overcome. All four are closely related words built on the same roots. Once you know "run", the past participle comes free — the only form that requires separate memorisation is the irregular past simple "ran".
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