Các dạng của động từ
Dạng nguyên
/swɪm/
Past Simple
Past Participle
Câu ví dụ
Dạng nguyên · swim
- Dolphins swim incredibly fast.
Past Simple · swam
- We swam in the lake every day last summer.
- Did you swim it before lunch?
- I swam it as soon as I possibly could.
- We swam it together earlier this week.
Past Participle · swum
- She has swum across the channel twice.
- We have never swum anything quite like it.
- He has swum it many times before.
- I have already swum it more than once.
Thì chính
| Hiện tại đơn | Quá khứ đơn | Hiện tại hoàn thành |
|---|---|---|
I swim he / she / it swims | I swam | I have swum |
| Hiện tại tiếp diễn:I am swimming · he / she / it is swimming | ||
Hướng dẫn ngữ pháp
The verb "swim" is fully irregular — all three principal parts are distinct: the base form "swim", the past simple "swam", and the past participle "swum". The ABC group contains many of the most common and important verbs in English, so learning them is essential for fluency.
Use the past simple "swam" for actions, events, or states that were completed at a definite point in the past. It is the main verb in the clause and needs no auxiliary: "We swam the whole project in three days." Typical time markers include yesterday, last week, ago, when, and at + a specific time. The past simple is the most frequently used past tense in spoken and written English.
The past participle "swum" is never used on its own as a main verb. It appears in: (1) the present perfect with have/has — "I have never swum anything like it before"; (2) the past perfect with had — "She had already swum before I arrived"; (3) passive voice with a form of be — "The final version was swum by the whole team." These three structures together cover the great majority of perfect and passive constructions in English.
The ABC group demands the most memorisation because each verb has three unique forms to learn. Focus first on the highest-frequency verbs: be (was/were/been), do (did/done), go (went/gone), know (knew/known), take (took/taken), see (saw/seen), give (gave/given), and write (wrote/written). Regular reading and listening is the most effective way to make ABC verb forms automatic — passive exposure reinforces the patterns far better than drills alone.
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