Các dạng của động từ
Dạng nguyên
/bɪld/
Past Simple
/bɪlt/
Past Participle
/bɪlt/
Câu ví dụ
Dạng nguyên · build
- They build affordable houses for young families.
Past Simple · built
- The Romans built this bridge two thousand years ago.
- We built it together earlier this week.
- She built without any hesitation.
- They built it again the following morning.
Past Participle · built
- A new hospital has been built near the station.
- We have never built anything quite like it.
- He has built it many times before.
- I have already built it more than once.
Cụm từ thường gặp
build trust
to develop confidence over time
build up
to increase gradually
Thì chính
| Hiện tại đơn | Quá khứ đơn | Hiện tại hoàn thành |
|---|---|---|
I build he / she / it builds | I built | I have built |
| Hiện tại tiếp diễn:I am building · he / she / it is building | ||
Hướng dẫn ngữ pháp
The verb "build" follows the ABB pattern: the past simple and past participle share one form ("built"), while the base form ("build") is different. ABB is the most common pattern among English irregular verbs — roughly half of all irregulars fall here, so mastering this group pays dividends across the whole language.
Use the past simple "built" to talk about a completed action or event at a definite moment in the past. It stands alone as the main verb — no auxiliary is needed. Common accompanying time expressions include yesterday, last week, ago, and when: "She built the whole report by herself." The action is seen as finished and anchored to a specific past time.
The past participle "built" always works together with an auxiliary verb. It appears in: (1) the present perfect with have/has — "I have built this several times before"; (2) the past perfect with had — "By the time we called, they had already built"; (3) passive voice — "The decision was built by the board." Never use "built" as a standalone past-tense verb without an auxiliary.
Memory tip: because "built" and "built" are the same, you only need to memorise one past form. Many ABB verbs follow recognisable sound shifts — a large group ends in -ought (bring→brought, buy→bought, catch→caught, fight→fought, seek→sought, teach→taught, think→thought), and another group shows a vowel shift plus -t (feel→felt, keep→kept, leave→left, mean→meant, sleep→slept). Identifying which sub-group "build" belongs to can make the form easier to remember long-term.
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