Các dạng của động từ
Dạng nguyên
/klɪŋ/
Past Simple
Past Participle
Câu ví dụ
Dạng nguyên · cling
- Wet clothes cling to your skin.
Past Simple · clung
- The child clung to her mother's hand.
- He didn't cling anything at the meeting.
- Did you cling it before lunch?
- I clung it as soon as I possibly could.
Past Participle · clung
- He has clung to that old belief for years.
- I have already clung it more than once.
- She has just clung the very same thing.
- By the time we arrived, they had clung everything.
Thì chính
| Hiện tại đơn | Quá khứ đơn | Hiện tại hoàn thành |
|---|---|---|
I cling he / she / it clings | I clung | I have clung |
| Hiện tại tiếp diễn:I am clinging · he / she / it is clinging | ||
Hướng dẫn ngữ pháp
The verb "cling" follows the ABB pattern: the past simple and past participle share one form ("clung"), while the base form ("cling") is different. ABB is the most common pattern among English irregular verbs — roughly half of all irregulars fall here, so mastering this group pays dividends across the whole language.
Use the past simple "clung" to talk about a completed action or event at a definite moment in the past. It stands alone as the main verb — no auxiliary is needed. Common accompanying time expressions include yesterday, last week, ago, and when: "She clung the whole report by herself." The action is seen as finished and anchored to a specific past time.
The past participle "clung" always works together with an auxiliary verb. It appears in: (1) the present perfect with have/has — "I have clung this several times before"; (2) the past perfect with had — "By the time we called, they had already clung"; (3) passive voice — "The decision was clung by the board." Never use "clung" as a standalone past-tense verb without an auxiliary.
Memory tip: because "clung" and "clung" are the same, you only need to memorise one past form. Many ABB verbs follow recognisable sound shifts — a large group ends in -ought (bring→brought, buy→bought, catch→caught, fight→fought, seek→sought, teach→taught, think→thought), and another group shows a vowel shift plus -t (feel→felt, keep→kept, leave→left, mean→meant, sleep→slept). Identifying which sub-group "cling" belongs to can make the form easier to remember long-term.
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