Các dạng của động từ
Dạng nguyên
/liːn/
Past Simple
Past Participle
Câu ví dụ
Dạng nguyên · lean
- Don't lean against that freshly painted wall.
Past Simple · leant
- She leant over the fence to greet the neighbour.
- They leant it again the following morning.
- He didn't lean anything at the meeting.
- Did you lean it before lunch?
Past Participle · leant
- The ladder has leant against the shed all week.
- She has just leant the very same thing.
- By the time we arrived, they had leant everything.
- We have never leant anything quite like it.
Thì chính
| Hiện tại đơn | Quá khứ đơn | Hiện tại hoàn thành |
|---|---|---|
I lean he / she / it leans | I leant | I have leant |
| Hiện tại tiếp diễn:I am leaning · he / she / it is leaning | ||
Hướng dẫn ngữ pháp
The verb "lean" follows the ABB pattern: the past simple and past participle share one form ("leant"), while the base form ("lean") is different. ABB is the most common pattern among English irregular verbs — roughly half of all irregulars fall here, so mastering this group pays dividends across the whole language.
Use the past simple "leant" to talk about a completed action or event at a definite moment in the past. It stands alone as the main verb — no auxiliary is needed. Common accompanying time expressions include yesterday, last week, ago, and when: "She leant the whole report by herself." The action is seen as finished and anchored to a specific past time.
The past participle "leant" always works together with an auxiliary verb. It appears in: (1) the present perfect with have/has — "I have leant this several times before"; (2) the past perfect with had — "By the time we called, they had already leant"; (3) passive voice — "The decision was leant by the board." Never use "leant" as a standalone past-tense verb without an auxiliary.
Memory tip: because "leant" and "leant" are the same, you only need to memorise one past form. Many ABB verbs follow recognisable sound shifts — a large group ends in -ought (bring→brought, buy→bought, catch→caught, fight→fought, seek→sought, teach→taught, think→thought), and another group shows a vowel shift plus -t (feel→felt, keep→kept, leave→left, mean→meant, sleep→slept). Identifying which sub-group "lean" belongs to can make the form easier to remember long-term.
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